Ancient Italian Tribes - The Oenotrians

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The region of Calabria, located at the southernmost tip of the Italian peninsula, was once inhabited by several ancient tribes long before Roman domination. Among the earliest known groups were the Oenotrians, considered by many classical sources to be one of the first Italic peoples to settle the area. Thought to have arrived from Arcadia in Greece, the Oenotrians were pioneers in the development of a culture based on agriculture and pastoralism, establishing early settlements that reflected a blend of Italic and Hellenic traditions. Their name, which may be derived from the Greek word "vine cultivators," highlights their early and significant role in introducing viticulture to the region.

Both men and women dressed in wool. Men wore weapons and ornaments of bronze and iron, and women wore bracelets, girdles, and ornamental pendants.  Today, there are people who bear the name Piceni. It's fascinating to think that they might be the living descendants of this ancient tribe, connecting us to their rich history.

Later, the Itali emerged as a dominant group within Calabria. It is from their name that the entire Italian peninsula ultimately derives its modern name. The Itali were known for their unwavering resistance to foreign domination, a testament to their strong sense of local identity despite increasing interactions with neighboring Greek colonies along the coast. These coastal areas, particularly around cities like Region (modern Reggio Calabria), were heavily influenced by Magna Graecia, the network of Greek settlements in southern Italy, which brought with it significant cultural, political, and economic exchanges.

Another significant tribe was the Bruttii (or Brettii), who rose to prominence around the 4th century BCE. Believed to be a breakaway faction of the Lucanians to the north, the Bruttii established themselves in Calabria's rugged interior and mountainous regions. They were known for their fierce independence and became notable adversaries of the Greeks and Romans. During the Punic Wars, the Bruttii allied with Hannibal against Rome, ultimately leading to their subjugation and decline. However, their legacy persisted through archaeological remains and historical records that attest to their complex society and, most notably, their resilience in the face of conquest.

On our recent trip to Milan, we had the opportunity to visit the impressive La Scala museum and were amazed by the collection of ancient instruments, some of which we had never known existed. - Bob Sorrentino

The Museo Teatrale alla Scala in Milan, situated adjacent to the world-renowned Teatro alla Scala, boasts an impressive collection of ancient musical instruments that reflect the rich legacy of Italian music and opera. Among the highlights are stringed instruments, such as 17th- and 18th-century violins, mandolins, and lutes, many of which were crafted by Italian luthiers whose artistry contributed to the golden age of classical music.

These instruments were not only essential to early operatic and orchestral performances but also prized for their craftsmanship and tonal beauty, offering visitors a glimpse into the sound world of past centuries. The museum also houses a fascinating collection of rare woodwind and brass instruments, including early clarinets, oboes, and horns, some of which were used in original performances at La Scala. These pieces serve as a testament to the evolution of musical expression from the Baroque to the Romantic period, enlightening visitors about the profound connection between instrument innovation and the evolving artistic vision of Italian opera.

One of the most distinctive features of the La Scala Museum's collection is its ornate and historically significant keyboard instruments, including early pianos and harpsichords. These instruments, some elaborately decorated and others designed for portability, played an integral role in chamber music and vocal accompaniment, bringing to life the rich tradition of Italy’s operatic history.